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Os ensaios reunidos neste livro abordam o tema do a priori, tal como ele ocorre no pensamento de Kant. Sendo este reconhecidamente o mais central e o mais óbvio dos temas da filosofia kantiana, ele é também, apesar disso, e talvez precisamente por isso, um dos menos estudados e dos menos compreendidos na sua amplitude e nas suas implicações, pelo que, apesar da muito familiar ocorrência e insistente invocação, ele continua sendo uma das expressões mais problemáticas e ambíguas do vocabulário kantiano. Kant conferiu a esse termo um significado técnico e uma função estratégica, como meio de superar a simples oposição entre o conhecimento puramente racional (analítico, a-priori) e o conhecimento empírico (sintético, a-posteriori), introduzindo uma nova modalidade de conhecimento formulado em juízos sintéticos a-priori, e assim capazes de garantir a universalidade e a necessidade e ao mesmo tempo a objetividade e o progresso efetivo do conhecimento.

History of philosophy, philosophical traditions

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The book discusses traditional Lithuanian calendar festivals, their development, rituals, and customs. It also focuses on the ways rural communities celebrated Christmas, St John’s Day, and St George’s Day, paying special attention to ancient rituals that are still practiced today. The reader will also find answers to the following questions: What is the difference between Shrovetide and other calendar festivals? Why can Easter, which reached Lithuania with Christianity, reveal the customs of early Lithuanians no worse than other traditional rural festivals of pre-Christian origin? The book is dedicated to everyone interested in traditional Lithuanian culture and customs.

Customs --- Traditions --- Lithuanian culture --- Calendar --- Ancients rituals

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According to the scant historical records available, Uncle Bud Long, his daughter Janey, and her son Frankie lived near Clark's Landing, Kentucky, for about twenty years early in this century. Mr. Clarke has collected the tales of the Longs' strange ways from old-time residents of the community, both those who knew the Longs and those who inherited the stories by word of mouth. Here he skillfully weaves them into a loose narrative and, in addition, analyzes the ways in which the anecdotes have been transmuted in the process of retelling.This analysis of the stories of Uncle Bud reveals much ab

Folklore --- Legends --- Folk tales --- Traditions --- Urban legends --- Methodology. --- Long, Bud.

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Since the 1980s, Tamil refugees from Sri Lanka and their descendants have been practicing Hindu traditions in diaspora countries such as Switzerland. Based on ethnographic research, the author analyses processes involved in establishing Tamil Hindu practice. The aim is to provide a comprehensive insight into the different consecutive phases of how Tamil Hindus have made Switzerland their home. In the formation of sacred spaces and the presentation of Tamil Hindu practices in public, references to the country of origin and transnational networks of the Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora as well as the conditions for incorporation in the country of residence, Switzerland, play a central role.The study focuses in particular on places, their dynamics and the associated performances. Thereby, the importance of self-managed temples as sensual, multifunctional perceptual spaces for the marginalised Tamil Hindu migrants is made clear. Through creative processes of adaptation new forms of religious practice emerge.

Hindu traditions, Hindu practices, Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora, Tamil refugees

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The second century CE has often been described as a kind of dark period with regard to our knowledge of how the earliest Christian writings (the gospels and Paul's letters) were transmitted and gradually came to be accepted as authoritative and then, later on, as "canonical". At the same time a number of other Christian texts, of various genres, saw the light. Some of these seem to be familiar with the gospels, or perhaps rather with gospel traditions identical or similar to those that found their way into the NT gospels. The volume focuses on representative texts and authors of the time in order to see how they have struggled to find a way to work with the NT gospels and/or the traditions behind these, while at the same time giving a place also to other extra-canonical traditions.It studies in a comparative way the reception of identifiably "canonical" and of extra-canonical traditions in the second century. It aims at discovering patterns or strategies of reception within the at first sight often rather chaotic way some of these ancient authors have cited or used these traditions. And it will look for explanations of why it took such a while before authors got used to cite gospel texts (more or less) accurately.

Evangelien Tradition. --- Evangelien. --- Gospel Traditions. --- Gospels. --- Reception. --- Rezeption. --- Second Century. --- Zweites Jahrhundert. --- Bible. --- Bible. --- Criticism, Redaction --- Criticism, interpretation, etc. --- History --- Gospel Traditions. --- Gospels. --- Reception. --- Second Century.